NESTORIAN TIMELINE

• 549-330 BC Achaemenid Dynasty in Persia
• 330 BC Alexander the Great defeats the last Achaemenid, Darius III, in  Mesopotamia
• 312-239 BC Seleucid Dynasty in Persia
• 247 BC-AD 226 Parthian Dynasty in Persia
• 130 BC Defeat of the Seleucids by the Parthians, resulting in the  independence of Edessa
• 106 BC Inauguration of the Silk Road
• 53 BC Battle of Carrhae between Rome and Persia (first battle between the  two, won by Persia)
• 20 BC Treaty between Rome and Persia fixes boundary between the two empires  along the Euphrates
• AD 19 Beginning of reign of King Gundaphar in northern India (mentioned in Acts of Thomas)
• c. 50? Arrival of Thomas in India (according to tradition) after establishing Church in Mesopotamia, Persia and their environment
• 64? Arrival of first Christians in China (according to tradition)
• 70 Destruction of Jerusalem by Roman Emperor Titus
• 72? Martyrdom of Thomas in India (according to tradition)
• c. 80-100? Odes of Solomon written in Syriac (probably in Edessa)
• c. 110? Birth of Tatian in Mesopotamia
• 112? Martyrdoms of Sharbil, Babai and Barsamy in Edessa (according to  tradition)
• 117 or 123? Martyrdom of Bishop Semsoun in Arbela (according to tradition)
• c. 120-140? Evangelization of the Gilanians (on the shores of the Caspian  Sea) and the lands of Gog and Magog (possibly referring to the Turks beyond the  Oxus River), according to tradition
• 150 First historical records of Christians in Edessa
• 154 Birth of Bardaisan in Edessa
• c. 170 Diatessaron translated by Tatian into Syriac
• 172 Tatian returns to Arbela from Rome
• 179 Conversion of Bardaisan in Edessa
• 179 or 189 Pantaenus visits India and records meeting Christians there
• 180 Death of Tatian
• 196 Bardaisan writes of Christians amongst the Parthians, Bactrians  (Kushans) and other peoples in the Persian Empire
• c. 200 Acts of Thomas written
• Liturgy of Mar Addai and Mar Mari develops
• 201 First historical record of a church building (anywhere) in Edessa
• 214 Edessa becomes a Roman colony
• 220 Several bishoprics in Persia, according to Tertullian
• 222 Death of Bardaisan
• 225/6 The Sassanid dynasty overthrows the Parthian dynasty in Persia
• More than 20 bishoprics in Mesopotamia and Persia
• c. 225-250 Syriac Didascalia Apostolorum (Doctrine of the  Apostles) written (mentions evangelization of the Gilanians and the land of  Gog and Magog)
• 241 Mani begins to preach in Seleucia-Ctesiphon
• 258 Edessa sacked by Persia and made part of Persian Empire
• 270 First priest ordained in Seleucia-Ctesiphon
• 273-276? Mani crucified and his followers (Manichaeans) flee eastward
• c. 285 Papa ordained as first bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon and later adopts  title of "Catholicos"
• 290 Brief persecution of Persian Christians under Bahram II
• 298 Rome captures Nisibis
• 300 Bishop David of Basra goes to India
• Birth of Aphrahat (?)
• 301 Armenian king Tiridates I converted by Gregory the Illuminator
• 303 Arnobius speaks of the Chinese as "united in the faith of Christ"
• 306 James ordained as first bishop of Nisibis
• Birth of Ephrem the Syrian in Nisibis
• 311 Conversion of Constantine the Great
• 313 Constantine's Edict of Toleration legalizes Christianity in the Roman  Empire
• First cathedral built in Edessa by Bishop Qona (first bishop mentioned in  Edessa)
• 314 Persian Synod of Seleucia deposes Papa after he proposes that the bishop  of Seleucia-Ctesiphon should have primacy over the other Eastern bishops
• Death of Tiridates I of Armenia
• 315 Letter from Constantine to Shapur II urging him to protect Christians in  his realm
• Papa restored as bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon and begins to use the title  "Catholicos"
• 325 First Ecumenical Council of Nicaea asserts Christ's deity (James of  Nisibis and a Persian bishop from "India" recorded as attending)
• James of Nisibis establishes theological school in Nisibis after the Council  of Nicaea
• 326/7 Death of Papa and succession of Shimun bar Sabbaeas as Catholicos
• 330 First Syrian monastery founded by Mar Augin north of Nisibis
• 334 First bishop concecrated for Merv
• 337 Death of Constantine the Great and division of the Roman Empire
• Aphrahat writes Demonstrations, Part I
• 337-350 Persian wars against Rome
• 340 Beginning of Persian monasticism under Aphrahat north of Mosul
• 340-363 The Great Persecution of the Persian church
• 344 Martyrdom of Catholicos Shimun bar Sabbae, 5 bishops and 100 priests
• 345 Martyrdom of Catholicos Shahdost
• Aphrahat writes Demonstrations, Part II
• Thomas of Cana arrives in India (according to tradition)
• 346 Martyrdom of Catholicos Barbashmin
• 350 Ephrem the Syrian helps Nisibis repel Persian attack
• Birth of Theodore of Mopsuestia
• 354 Theophilus "the Indian" reports visiting Christians in India
• 356 Theophilus "the Indian" consecrated as a bishop and converts king of the  Himyarites in Yemen
• 360 Julian "the Apostate" becomes Emperor of Rome and invades Persia
• 363 Persia defeats the Romans, killing Julian, and recaptures Nisibis
• School of Nisibis moves to Edessa, along with Ephrem the Syrian
• 373 Mawiyya becomes first Christian Arab queen of Tanukh tribe
• 379/80-401/2 Continuation of the Great Persecution of the Persian church
• 381 Second Ecumenical Council of Constantinople asserts Christ's humanity  and declares Rome and Constantinople equal
• Birth of Nestorius
• 390 Nestorian missionary Abdyeshu builds monastery on the island of Bahrain
• 390-430 Doctrine of Addai written
• 392 Theodore ordained as bishop of Mopsuestia
• 394 Death of Diodore of Tarsus
• 399 End of the Great Persecution under Yazdegerd I
• 409/10 Yazdegerd I's Edict of Toleration
• 410 First General Synod of the Persian Church (Synod of Isaac) confirms the  primacy of the bishop of Seleucia-Ctesiphon as "Catholicos of all the Orient"  and the equality of Seleucia-Ctesiphon with the sees of Jerusalem, Antioch,  Alexandria and Rome, adopts the Nicene Creed and establishes metropolitans for  Jundishapur, Nisibis, Basra, Arbela, and Kirkuk
• The Lakhmid Arabs of Hirta receive a Nestorian bishop
• Alaric the Goth sacks Rome
• 420 Second General Synod of the Persian Church (Synod of Yaballaha I)
• Ma'na, a student at the School of Edessa, translates Syriac works into  Pahlavi (Middle Persian)
• Second persecution of the Persian church under Yazdegerd I and Bahram V
• 424 Third General Synod of the Persian Church (Synod of Dadyeshu) confirms  Catholicos of the Church of the East as "Patriarch of the East" and asserts him  as equal to all other patriarchs (no longer subject to Antioch or Rome)
• Bishops appointed for Herat and Samarkand
• 428 Nestorius ordained as Patriarch of Constantinople
• Death of Theodore of Mopsuestia
• 431 Third Ecumenical Council of Ephesus condemns Nestorius as a heretic
• Rabbula, Bishop of Edessa, burns writings of Theodore of Mopsuestia
• School of the Persians in Edessa first closed by Romans
• 440 The Hephthalites (White Huns, later known in the West as the Avars) move  south from the Altai region to occupy Transoxiana (Central Asia), Bactria  (Afghanistan), and Khurasan (eastern Persia)
• 443 John of Antioch and Cyril of Alexandria conclude a theological peace by  compromise over Nestorianism
• 448 Third persecution of the Persian church under Yazdegerd II, including  the massacre at Kirkuk
• 449 Second Council of Ephesus (Robber's Council)
• 451 Fourth Ecumenical Council of Chalcedon denounces Monophysitism
• Death of Nestorius in exile in Egyptian desert
• 455 First Persian embassy reaches northern China
• 457 Barsauma flees from Edessa to Nisibis
• Formal split between Syrian Monophysites and Syrian Nestorians
• c. 460 The Hephthalite Huns conquer the Kushans and invade India
• 470 Ma'na, another student of the School of Edessa, writes religious  discourses, canticles and hymns in Pahlavi for use in the Persian church
• 482 Emperor Zeno (Constantinople) issues the Henoticon, an edict of  union designed to bridge the gap between the Monophysites and the Orthodox
• 484 Persian Church Council in Jundishapur approves marriage of bishops,  honors memory of Theodore of Mopsuestia and adopts a Nestorian confession of  faith under influence of Barsauma, Metropolitan of Nisibis
• Rome, angry at Constantinople over the Henoticon, excommunicates  Emperor Zeno and the Patriarch of Constantinople
• 486 Fourth General Synod of the Persian Church (Synod of Acacius) officially  adopts Nestorian Christology and affirms right of priests and bishops to marry
• 489 School of the Persians in Edessa closed for last time by Roman Emperor  Zeno, resulting in remaining Nestorians fleeing to Persian Empire to relocate in  Nisibis
• 491 Birth of Abraham of Kaskar (later to become founder of Monastery of Mt.  Izla)
• 496 Narsai draws up rules for School of Nisibis
• Romulus Augustus, last Western Roman Emperor, deposed by Odovacar the German
• 497 Fifth General Synod of the Persian Church (Synod of Babai II)
• 498 Nestorians accompany Shah Kavad I to Turkestan and evangelize the  Hephthalite Huns, north of the Oxus River
• c. 500 The Arabs of Najran (southern Arabia) become Christians
• 519 Constantinople repudiates the Henoticon, ending its schism with  Rome
• 522 Beginning of persecution of Christians by Jewish Himyarite kings of  Yemen
• 523 The Ethiopians invade Arabia in response to pleas for help from  Christians in Najran
• The Himyarites defeat the Ethiopians and massacre the Christians of Najran
• 527 Jacob Bardaeus arrives in Constantinople
• c. 535 The Hephthalite Huns learn to write, as a result of the work of  Nestorian missionaries
• 540 The Persians, under Shah Khosro I, sack Antioch
• 540-552 Patriarchate of Mar Aba I, greatest Nestorian patriarch under the  Sassanids
• 542-578 Jacob Bardaeus wanders throughout Syria, consecrating Monophysite  priests and bishops
• 544 Sixth General Synod of the Persian Church (Synod of Mar Aba I) adopts  the creed and decrees of the Council of Chalcedon
• Some persecution of Persian Christians
• 549 Bishop consecrated for the Hephthalite Huns
• 550 Chronicle of Edessa written
• 552 The Turks destroy the Juan-juan Empire and establish the Turkic  Khaganate, nominally divided into Western and Eastern Khanates
• 553 Ecumenical Council of Constantinople condems Theodore of Mopsuestia
• 553-68 The Turks and Persians ally to destroy the Hephthalite Empire
• 554 Seventh General Synod of the Persian Church (Synod of Yusuf) appoints  metropolitans for Merv and Rewardashir
• 566/7 Eighth General Synod of the Persian Church
• 570 The Battle of the Elephant, in which the Meccans defeat the invading  army of Christian Ethiopia
• Birth of Muhammad
• 571 Henana becomes director of the school of Nisibis and proceeds to deviate  from Nestorian orthodoxy
• 572-91 The Turks and the Byzantines ally against the Persians
• 575 Yemen becomes a Persian province with some probable conversion of  Christians there to Nestorianism
• 579 Reference to a Nestorian Mar Sergius settling in China
• 581 Turkish prisoners captured by Persians discovered to have crosses  tatooed on their foreheads
• 582 The Turkic Khaganate officially breaks up into Western and Eastern  Khanates
• 585 Ninth General Synod of the Persian Church (Synod of Yeshuyab I)  disapproves of Henana's teachings
• 586 Death of Abraham of Kaskar
• 591-602 Detente between Constantinople and Persia
• 596 Tenth General Synod of the Persian Church (Synod of Sabaryeshu) condemns  Henana's teachings, resulting in breakup of School of Nisibis
• 602 al-Numan, last king of the Christian Lakhmid Arabs, dies
• 607 The Persians capture Edessa
• 611 The Persians sack Antioch again
• 615 The Persians capture Jerusalem, massacring thousands, burning churches  and carrying off "the true cross"
• 618 Establishment of the T'ang dynasty in China
• 622 Constantinople pushes the Persians back from the Mediterranean
• Muhammad flees to Medina in the Hijra
• 627 Roman armies reach Dastegherd, causing the Persian Emperor Khosro I to  flee
• 628/9 Maruta named as first maphrian (chief bishop) of Jacobite church in  Persian Empire
• 628-643 Patriarchate of Yeshuyab II, during which metropolitans are  appointed for Herat, Samarkand and possibly India
• 632 Death of Muhammad and Arab conquest of Mesopotamia
• 635 Arrival of Alopen in China as first Nestorian missionary
• 636 The Arabs defeat both the Persians and the Byzantines
• 637 Seleucia-Ctesiphon falls to the Arab armies
• 638 Emperor Tai Tsung issues Edict of Toleration for Christians in China and  first Chinese church is built at Chang'an
• The Arabs capture Jerusalem and conquer Syria
• 642 Arab conquest of Egypt and defeat of Persian Shah Yazdegird III at the  Battle of Nahavand
• Synod of the Persian Church (Synod of Yeshuyab II) establishes Halwan as a  metropolitanate
• 644 Eliyah, Metropolitan of Merv, converts a Turkish king and his army
• 649 Arab conquest of Persian Empire completed
• 650-660 Patriarchate of Yeshuyab III, at which time there are two  metropolitans and more than 20 bishops beyond the Oxus River and a  metropolitanate is possibly established for India
• 651 Death of Yazdegird III, last Sassanid shah
• 652 The Arabs first capture Khurasan
• 661 Assassination of 'Ali at Kerbala, Iraq and beginning of Sunni-Shi'ite  rift
• Begining of the Umayyad caliphate, based in Damascus
• 667 The Arabs first cross the Oxus River
• c. 670 Canons of Shimun (Simon), Metropolitan of Rewardashir, written in  Pahlavi and later translated into Syriac
• 673/74-704 Arab raids across the Oxus in an attempt to capture Bukhara and  Soghdiana
• 691 The re-establishment of the Eastern Turkic Khanate in the Tarim Basin
• 698-705 Persecution of Chinese Christians under Empress Wu
• 705 The Arabs, under Qutayba ibn Muslim, launch a holy war against  Transoxiana from Merv
• 709 The Arabs capture Bukhara and Samarkand
• 711 The Arabs capture Khiva
• 712 First mosque built in Bukhara, later the second holiest city in Islam  after Mecca
• The Arabs subdue Khwarezm and recapture Samarkand
• 712-728 Patriarchate of Saliba-Zalkha, during which metropolitanate of China  possibly created
• 713 The Arabs sack Kashgar
• 714 The Chinese, under emperor T'ai-tsong, defeat the Turks at Lake  Issiq-kul
• 715 The end of the Arab conquest of Transoxiana as a result of the death of  Qutaiba
• 724-748? Visit of Christian physicians to Japan and reported conversion of  Empress (according to tradition)
• 728 Arab attempt to forcibly convert Transoxiana to Islam, resulting in  general revolt
• 732 Charles Martel stops Arab advance into Europe
• 744 Arrival of new Nestorian missionaries in China
• Formation of the Uighur Empire in Mongolia
• 750 Overthrow of the Umayyad caliphate and beginning of the 'Abbasid  caliphate, based in Baghdad
• 751 The Arabs defeat the Chinese at the Battle of the Talas River and  discover the secrets of making paper and silk from captured prisoners
• 755 Jacob, son of the Christian king of the Uighurs, joins with Kuang, son  of the Chinese emperor Hsuan-Tsung, to put down the rebellion of An-Lu-Shan
• 756 Turkish general Tsz-i, a Nestorian Christian, defeats the rebel Amroshar
• c. 760-790 Possible writing of a letter purported to be by Philoxenus which  mentions Christianity among the early Turks
• 762 Uighurs adopt Manichaeism as state religion
• 'Abbassids move capital of the Caliphate to Baghdad
• 775 Patriarchate moved from Seleucia-Ctesiphon to Baghdad
• 779-823 Patriarchate of Timothy I, greatest Nestorian patriarch under the  Arab Caliphate, during which metropolitans are appointed for Armenia and Syria  and the Kaghan of the Turks is said to have been converted
• 779 or 781 Nestorian monument erected in Hsi-an-fu
• 781 Timothy I debates the Caliph al-Mahdi
• Bishops consecrated for the Turks and for Tibet
• 807 Caliph Harun al-Rashid orders some churches to be torn down
• 830 Dar al-Hikmah ("House of Learning") established by Caliph  al-Ma'mun, composed primarily of Nestorians
• 830s The Kirghiz drive the Uighurs west to the Tarim Basin
• 845 Imperial Edict in China results in persecution for Nestorians
• 849/50 Caliph al-Mutawakkil deposes the patriarch and institutes persecution  of Christians
• c. 850 Probable date of the Kerala copper plates, which give details of  Christians in India
• 867-69 The rise of the Saffarid dynasty (Shi'ite) in Persia
• 874/75 The Persian Samanid dynasty (Sunni) obtains the administration of  Transoxiana, with its capital in Bukhara, from the Caliph
• 878 Last definite reference to Christians in China before the Mongol era
• 900 The Samanids overthrow the Saffarids, thus extending their rule into all  of Persia
• 907 Collapse of the T'ang dynasty in China
• 932 The Turkic Qarakhanid dynasty is established, with its initial center in  Kashgar
• 942 Possible references to Christians in China by Arab poet from Bukhara who  visited China
• 945 Persian Shi'ites sieze Baghdad and establish Buwayhid Amirate (with the  Caliph as puppet)
• 962 The Turkic Ghaznavid dynasty is established in Afghanistan
• 969 Shi'ite Fatimid dynasty founded in Egypt
• 981 Visit of Nestorian monks to China finds no traces of Christian community  left
• 985 The Seljuq Turks, a ruling tribe of the Oghuz, move to the vicinity of  Bukhara
• 999 The Ghaznavids defeat the Samanids in Khurasan and the Qarakhanids seize  Bukhara, deposing the Samanids
• 1007-1008 Conversion of 200,000 Kerait Turks
• 1040 The Seljuqs defeat the Ghaznavids at the Battle of Dandanqan, near Merv
• 1055 The Seljuqs enter Baghdad, overthrow the Buwayhids and become the  official protectors of Islam
• 1063 Metropolitan ordained for Khitai (northern China)
• 1065 Establishment of Nestorian metropolitanate of Jerusalem
• 1071 The Seljuqs defeat the Byzantines at the Battle of Manzikert, capturing  the Byzantine emperor Romanus Diogenes, and establish the Turkish sultanate of  Rum in Anatolia
• 1073 The Seljuqs defeat the Qarakhanids
• 1095 Pope Urban II issues the call for the First Crusade
• 1097 The first Crusaders arrive in the Middle East
• 1099 The Crusaders capture Jerusalem
• 1124 The Tungusic Juchen drive the Mongol Khitans (Liao dynasty: 916-1124)  from China, resulting in the creation of the Qara-Khitai state in Semirechye
• 1137 The Qara-Khitai defeat the Qarakhanids (now vassals of the Seljuqs) at  Khojent
• 1141 The Qara-Khitai defeat the Seljuk Sultan Sanjar (possible basis for the  Prester John legend)
• 1142 Formal reconciliation between Nestorian patriarch and Jacobite primate
• 1145 First mention of Prester John in Europe
• 1155/62/67? Birth of Temüchin (Chingiz Khan)
• c. 1180 Metropolitan appointed for Kashgar
• 1187 The Muslims, under Saladin, recapture Jerusalem from the Crusaders
• 1194 The death of Tghril III, the last Persian Seljuq ruler, resulting in  the end of Seljuq power in Iran and the rise of the Turkic Khwarezmians in  Transoxiana
• c. 1200 Suleyman of Bakirghan, a subject of the Khwarezmshahs, writes a poem  on the death of the Virgin, inspired by Nestorian writings
• 1203 Temüchin defeats Toghril Wang Khan
• 1206 Temüchin proclaimed Chingiz Khan (Great Khan of all Mongols)
• 1209 The Mongols defeat the Kirghiz and the Uighurs
• 1210 The Khwarezmians conquer Transoxiana, defeating the Qara-Khitai
• 1218 The Mongols defeat Küchlüg, Naiman ruler of the Qara-Khitai
• The Mongols capture Semirechye and the Tarim Basin, occupying Kashgar and  crushing the Qara-Khitai
• 1220 The Mongols capture Bukhara and Samarkand
• 1221 The Mongols defeat the Khwarazmshah Aladdin Muhammad and capture  Nishapur
• 1222 Patna, India becomes a metropolitan see (?)
• 1223/24 The Mongols defeat the Russians on the river Kalka
• 1227 Death of Chingiz Khan
• c. 1230? Birth of Rabban Sauma
• 1236-1241 Mongol invasion of Europe
• 1240 Kiev falls to the Mongols and Russia comes under the Mongol yoke
• 1241 Death of Khan Ogetai saves Europe from further destruction by the  Mongols
• 1243 The Mongols defeat the Seljuqs at the Battle of Ksedagh
• 1245 Birth of Markos (later Yaballaha III) in China
• 1247 Visit of John of Plano Carpini to Karakorum
• 1248 Appointment of metropolitan for Khanbalik (Peking)
• 1249/50 The establishment of the Kipchak Turkic Mamluke dynasty in Egypt
• 1249-1345 Date of inscriptions on Nestorian gravestones near Bishkek
• 1252 Death of Sorkaktani, Christian mother of Mönke (Mangu), Hulagu and  Kublai Khan
• 1253 Visit of William of Rubruck to Karakorum
• 1258 Overthrow of the 'Abbasid caliphate by the Mongols, led by Hulagu, the  first Il-khan
• 1260 Capture of Aleppo and Damascus by Kitbuka, Christian Mongol general
• Defeat of the Mongols by the Mamlukes at 'Ayn Jalut
• Kublai Khan conquers China and establishes the Mongol Yüan dynasty
• 1260-1264 Civil war between Kublai Khan and Arikbuka (who was backed by  Mongol Christians)
• 1264 Bar Hebraeus becomes Jacobite maphrian of the East
• 1265 Death of Hulagu and Dokuz Khatun, his Christian wife
• 1265/6 Maffeo and Niccolo Polo reach the court of Kublai Khan
• 1269 Mongol Chagatid khanate splits into eastern and western parts
• 1275 The Polos return to China with Marco
• 1277?-1279 Journey of Markos and Rabban Sauma from Khanbalik to Baghdad
• 1278-1281 Governorship of Mar Sergius (a Nestorian Christian) in Gansu  Province, China
• 1280 John of Monte Corvino's first mission to Persia
• Defeat of the Mongols by the Muslims in the Middle East
• 1281 Election of Markos as Yaballaha III, first and only Turkic Nestorian  patriarch
• 1284 Bar Hebraeus restructures the Jacobite church in the Persian Il-khanate
• The Uighur Kingdom is absorbed into the Chagatai Khanate
• 1286 Death of Bar Hebraeus
• 1287 Rebellion of Nayan (nominal Christian) against Kublai Khan
• 1287-1288 Mission of Rabban Sauma to Europe
• 1289 Kublai Khan creates a department to deal with Christians in his empire  and appoints Nestorian Ai-hsueh as its first president
• 1289-1290 Other Mongol diplomatic missions to Europe
• 1291 Monte Corvino stops in India en route to China, visits the tomb of St  Thomas, and baptizes 100 people as Catholics
• Muslims capture the last Crusader fortress of Acre (Akka)
• 1293 Death of Rabban Sauma
• 1294 Death of Kublai Khan
• First Catholic mission to China, led by Monte Corvino, reaches Khanbalik
• 1295 Conversion of the Il-khans of Persia to Islam under Ghazan (Mahmud)
• 1298 Death of Ongut Christian Prince George in the service of the Mongols
• The Uriyan-gakit, a Turkic tribe, is recorded as having a Christian queen  (possibly the sister of Prince George)
• 1299-1300 The Seljuq Sultanate of Anatolia breaks up into smaller  principalities, to be succeeded by the Ottoman Turk Emirate
• 1301 Khanate of Eastern Turkestan absorbed into Khanate of Western Turkestan
• 1303 The Mamlukes stop the last Mongol invasion of Syria
• 1307 Il-khan Oljaitu orders Georgian king to convert to Islam
• Monte Corvino appointed Catholic archbishop of Khanbalik
• 1310 Muslim massacre of Christians in Arbela
• 1313-41/42 The rule of the Golden Horde by Khan Uzbek, under whom the Horde  converts to Islam
• 1317 Death of Yaballaha III
• 1318 Last recorded Synod of the Nestorian Church in Persia elects Timothy II  as patriarch
• Pope John XXII divides Asia into missionary districts, giving China to the  Franciscans and Persia to the Dominicans
• 1320 Catholic bishopric established in Almaliq (Kulja)
• Catholic vicarate of Cathay (China) established
• 1321 Jordanus, a Dominican monk, arrives in India as the first resident  Catholic missionary
• 1322 Odoric of Pordenone, a Franciscan monk, arrives in China
• 1324 Odoric of Pordenone visits the tomb of St. Thomas in India but finds  only Nestorians there (not Catholics)
• 1326 Chagatid Khan Ilchigedai grants permission for Catholics to build a  church dedicated to John the Baptist in Samarkand
• Conversion of the Chagatid Khan Tarmashirin to Islam
• 1328 While in Italy, Jordanus is consecrated as the Catholic bishop of  Columbum (Quilon, India) with a mission of converting the Muslims and bringing  the Nestorians into the Catholic Church (but he never returns to India)
• 1334 Chagatid Khan Buzun allows Nestorians and Jews to rebuild churches and  synagogues and permits Franciscans to establish a missionary episcopate in  Almaliq
• 1335 Abu Said, last Il-khan, dies and the dynasty ends
• 1336 Birth of Timur
• 1339 Christians in Almaliq (including Catholic bishop and priests) massacred  by Muslims
• 1340 Nestorian college for "Tatars" still operating in Merv
• 1342 John of Marignolli, last resident Catholic bishop of Peking, arrives in  China
• 1346 Chagatid khanate again splits into western and eastern Turkestan, both  effectively ruled by Turkic governors
• 1348 Catholics leave Persia
• 1363 Timur expels Chagatid Khan Tughlug Timur and sets up a puppet khan  under his control
• 1368 Mongol Yan dynasty falls to Ming dynasty in China
• 1369/70 Timur becomes the sole ruler of Transoxiana
• 1374 Date of a Nestorian lectionary written in Samarkand
• 1380-87 Timur conquers Iran
• c. 1390 Final conversion of the Uighurs in Turfan to Islam
• 1395 Timur defeats Khan Tokhtamysh, destroys the Golden Horde capital of  Sarai Berke, and briefly occupies Moscow
• 1398 Timur sacks Delhi
• 1400 Timur defeats the Mamlukes in Syria
• 1401 Timur sacks Baghdad, killing thousands of Muslims and Christians
• 1402 Timur defeats the Ottoman sultan Bayezid I at the Battle of Ankara
• 1403-1406 Clavijo, Spanish ambassador from Castile, at the court of Timur
• 1405 Death of Timur en route to his planned invasion of China
• 1440 Nicolo Conti reports meeting Nestorians in "Cathay" (China)
• 1453 The Ottoman Turks capture Constantinople, thus bringing to an end the  Byzantine Empire
• 1467 Last khan of the line of Chingiz Khan dies in Mongolia, leaving the  area in a state of anarchy
• 1490 St. Thomas Christians from India travel to the Nestorian patriarch in  Gagarta, near Mosul, to bring back bishops for India
• 1498 The Portuguese arrive in India and begin to force many Nestorians to  convert to Catholicism
• 1499-1736 Safavid Dynasty in Persia
• 1503 Patriarch Mar Eliyah consecrates Metropolitans for India, Java and  China
• 1542 St. Francis Xavier arrives in India
• 1552 Formation of Chaldean Patriarchate (Uniate body in communion with Rome)
• 1608 Matteo Ricci reports finding a small remnant of Nestorians in China
• 1625 Discovery of Nestorian monument in China
• 1665 Jacobite bishop appointed for India
• 1670 Chaldean Patriarch cuts off ties with Rome
• 1831 Arrival of first American missionaries amongst Nestorians
• 1846 Revival in Nestorian girl's school
• Printing of Syriac New Testament
• Kurdish masscre of 10,000 Nestorians
• 1852 Printing of Syriac Old Testament
• 1855 Formation of Protestant Nestorian congregation
• 1885 Discovery of Nestorian cemetaries in Russian Turkestan by Russian  explorers
• 1917 Nestorian Patriarch Mar Shimun murdered by Kurds
• 1935 The Patriarch and many other Nestorians emigrate to USA and other  Western countries